Relapse in the context of 12-step programs refers to the act of reverting to harmful behaviors associated with addiction after a period of recoveryThe process by which addicts attempt to break the hold a certain substance or behavior has on their lives. This can refer to participation in a wide variety of methods. What they all have in common, is a sense that life is improving and the addict is regaining control. More. This return to substance use or compulsive behavior disrupts the recovery process and often leads to a resurgence of destructive patterns that the individual had previously worked to overcome.